{"id":608,"date":"2016-11-12T07:49:45","date_gmt":"2016-11-12T06:49:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cegat.net\/web\/en\/for-physicians\/aspekte-der-beratung\/"},"modified":"2026-02-25T13:04:54","modified_gmt":"2026-02-25T12:04:54","slug":"aspects-of-counseling","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/","title":{"rendered":"Aspects of counseling"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"608\" class=\"elementor elementor-608\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ffde03b elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ffde03b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"stretch_section\":\"section-stretched\"}'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a18e074\" data-id=\"a18e074\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1ec75d elementor--h-position-right elementor--v-position-middle elementor-widget elementor-widget-slides\" data-id=\"b1ec75d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"autoplay_speed\":8000,\"transition\":\"fade\",\"navigation\":\"none\",\"autoplay\":\"yes\",\"pause_on_hover\":\"yes\",\"pause_on_interaction\":\"yes\",\"infinite\":\"yes\",\"transition_speed\":500}' data-widget_type=\"slides.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-slides-wrapper elementor-main-swiper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Slider\" dir=\"ltr\" data-animation=\"fadeInRight\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper elementor-slides\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-repeater-item-3ab48d5 swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-bg\"><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-contents\"><div class=\"elementor-slide-heading\">Highest Standard.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"elementor-repeater-item-1edd39b swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-bg\"><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-contents\"><div class=\"elementor-slide-heading\">For your patients.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9fa21da elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9fa21da\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"gradient\"}'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0adab08\" data-id=\"0adab08\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f30bcb3 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-stretched elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f30bcb3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"stretch_section\":\"section-stretched\"}'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-896b033\" data-id=\"896b033\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63209b5 elementor--h-position-right elementor--v-position-middle elementor-widget elementor-widget-slides\" data-id=\"63209b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"autoplay_speed\":8000,\"transition\":\"fade\",\"navigation\":\"none\",\"autoplay\":\"yes\",\"pause_on_hover\":\"yes\",\"pause_on_interaction\":\"yes\",\"infinite\":\"yes\",\"transition_speed\":500}' data-widget_type=\"slides.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-slides-wrapper elementor-main-swiper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Slider\" dir=\"ltr\" data-animation=\"fadeInRight\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper elementor-slides\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-repeater-item-3ab48d5 swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-bg\"><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-contents\"><div class=\"elementor-slide-heading\">Highest Standard.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"elementor-repeater-item-1edd39b swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-bg\"><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-contents\"><div class=\"elementor-slide-heading\">For your patients.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7148d83 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-content-middle elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7148d83\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"gradient\"}'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f5662d1\" data-id=\"f5662d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-07be468 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-stretched elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"07be468\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\",\"stretch_section\":\"section-stretched\"}'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-02a14d6\" data-id=\"02a14d6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecc021d elementor--h-position-right elementor--v-position-middle elementor-widget elementor-widget-slides\" data-id=\"ecc021d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"autoplay_speed\":8000,\"transition\":\"fade\",\"navigation\":\"none\",\"autoplay\":\"yes\",\"pause_on_hover\":\"yes\",\"pause_on_interaction\":\"yes\",\"infinite\":\"yes\",\"transition_speed\":500}' data-widget_type=\"slides.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-slides-wrapper elementor-main-swiper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Slider\" dir=\"ltr\" data-animation=\"fadeInRight\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper elementor-slides\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-repeater-item-3ab48d5 swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-bg\"><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-contents\"><div class=\"elementor-slide-heading\">Highest Standard.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"elementor-repeater-item-1edd39b swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-bg\"><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-contents\"><div class=\"elementor-slide-heading\">For your patients.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-806210e elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-content-middle elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"806210e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"gradient\"}'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-809b523\" data-id=\"809b523\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f5f3e1d elementor-section-stretched elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f5f3e1d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings='{\"stretch_section\":\"section-stretched\"}'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6dc8d1c elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"6dc8d1c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93a0141 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"93a0141\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FOR PHYSICIANS<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff53660 elementor-nav-menu__align-end elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"ff53660\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"layout\":\"vertical\",\"submenu_icon\":{\"value\":\"&lt;i class=\\\"\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\"&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;\",\"library\":\"\"},\"toggle\":\"burger\"}' data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Men&uuml;\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-vertical e--pointer-background e--animation-fade\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-ff53660\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5540\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/harmony-test-procedure\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\">Harmony&reg; Test procedure<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5541\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\">Aspects of counseling<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5542\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/limitations-of-the-harmony-test\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\">Limitations of the Harmony&reg; Test<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29425\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/di-george-syndrome-en\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\">Microdeletion 22q11.2<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-tribe_events_cat menu-item-26479\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/events\/category\/congresses\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\">Congresses<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-23368\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/useful-links\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\">Useful links<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22963\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/services\/download\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\">Download<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open eicon-menu-bar\"><\/i><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close eicon-close\"><\/i>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-ff53660\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5540\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/harmony-test-procedure\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Harmony&reg; Test procedure<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5541\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Aspects of counseling<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5542\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/limitations-of-the-harmony-test\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Limitations of the Harmony&reg; Test<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29425\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/di-george-syndrome-en\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Microdeletion 22q11.2<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-tribe_events_cat menu-item-26479\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/events\/category\/congresses\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Congresses<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-23368\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/useful-links\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Useful links<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22963\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/services\/download\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Download<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25e5089 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"25e5089\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">SEARCH<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7f7425 elementor-search-form--skin-classic elementor-search-form--button-type-icon elementor-search-form--icon-search elementor-widget elementor-widget-search-form\" data-id=\"f7f7425\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"skin\":\"classic\"}' data-widget_type=\"search-form.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<search role=\"search\">\n\t\t\t<form class=\"elementor-search-form\" action=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/\" method=\"get\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-search-form__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"elementor-screen-only\" for=\"elementor-search-form-f7f7425\">Search<\/label>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<input id=\"elementor-search-form-f7f7425\" placeholder=\"Suche...\" class=\"elementor-search-form__input\" type=\"search\" name=\"s\" value=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"en\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"elementor-search-form__submit\" type=\"submit\" aria-label=\"Search\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-search\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t<\/search>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d00b9f\" data-id=\"2d00b9f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67feef7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"67feef7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aspects of counseling<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c43ab51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"c43ab51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2051\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2051\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Interpretation of an abnormal Harmony&reg;&nbsp;Test result<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2051\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2051\"><p>The probability with which a positive (abnormal) result of a Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test can be confirmed depends on two factors:<\/p><ol><li>the false positive rate of the test for this chromosomal disorder<\/li><li>the frequency of the occurrence of this chromosomal disorder in the base population<\/li><\/ol><p>The Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test has a very low false positive rate compared to other&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"Non-invasive prenatal tests are molecular genetic analyses in prenatal diagnostics to detect fetal chromosomal anomalies from the maternal blood, avoiding the risk of miscarriage inherent in more invasive methods.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/nipt\/\" target=\"_self\">NIPT<\/a>&nbsp;methods, for example, the false positive rate for&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"Trisomy 21 is the most common numerical chromosomal disorder in newborns. There are three copies of chromosome 21 and this leads to the development of Down syndrome.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trisomy-21\/\" target=\"_self\">trisomy 21<\/a>&nbsp;is approx. 1:2500 (0.04%, data from the Stokowski-Study<sup class=\"footnote\"><a id=\"fnref-608-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fn-608-1\">1<\/a><\/sup>). The false positive rates for trisomies 13 and 18 are even lower.<\/p><p>Based on this very low false positive rate (FPR), the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup> Test has a particularly high positive prediction value (PPV). The FPR reflects the percentage of false positive results found in the overall collective of performed tests. The PPV reflects the rate of positive test results that are confirmed by standard <a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"A chromosome is an complex of tightly-coiled DNA and the proteins which hold the structure together. Normal human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes - 22 autosomes and the X and Y sex chromosomes.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/chromosome\/\" target=\"_self\">chromosome<\/a>&nbsp;analysis.<\/p><p>By comparison: the PPV of first&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"Trimester is the medical term used to describe the division of a pregnancy into three phases of three months each.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trimester\/\" target=\"_self\">trimester<\/a>&nbsp;screening is approximately 5 &ndash; 7 %. This means that only 1 out of 18 abnormal results is confirmed by an invasive diagnosis; in 17 out of 18 cases, standard first <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trimester\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Trimester is the medical term used to describe the division of a pregnancy into three phases of three months each.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">trimester<\/a> screening leads to an unnecessary invasive intervention with the risk of a miscarriage.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2052\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2052\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Possible causes of false positive results with NIPT<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2052\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2052\"><p>A typical cause of a false positive result in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/nipt\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Non-invasive prenatal tests are molecular genetic analyses in prenatal diagnostics to detect fetal chromosomal anomalies from the maternal blood, avoiding the risk of miscarriage inherent in more invasive methods.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">NIPT<\/a> is a discordance between the cells of the placenta and those of the child. Since the cell-free&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\">fetal<\/a>&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"Deoxyribonucleic acid: biomolecule and carrier of genetic information\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/dna\/\" target=\"_self\">DNA<\/a>&nbsp;comes from the placenta, the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test basically reflects the genetic situation in the placenta. In some cases, however, the genetic makeup of the unborn child differs from that of the placenta. This means, for example, that some of the cells in the placenta display a&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"Trisomy means that there are three copies (trisom) of a complete or partial chromosome, instead of the normal two (disom).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trisomy\/\" target=\"_self\">trisomy<\/a>&nbsp;and others do not (<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"In genetics the term mosaic describes an individual whose cells have different genotypes, but originates from a single fertilised ovum.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/mosaic\/\" target=\"_self\">mosaic<\/a>). In these cases the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test may show a high risk for a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trisomy\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Trisomy means that there are three copies (trisom) of a complete or partial chromosome, instead of the normal two (disom).\" class=\"encyclopedia\">trisomy<\/a> even though the child has normal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/chromosome\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"A chromosome is an complex of tightly-coiled DNA and the proteins which hold the structure together. Normal human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes - 22 autosomes and the X and Y sex chromosomes.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">chromosome<\/a>s.<\/p><p>Another reason for a false positive result is if a pregnancy had started out as a twin or multiple pregnancy. If a deceased fetus suffered from a chromosomal disorder, this could lead to a false positive result of the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup> Test; the placental material of the deceased fetus may still exist in the womb at the time of blood sampling, allowing cell-free <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/dna\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Deoxyribonucleic acid: biomolecule and carrier of genetic information\" class=\"encyclopedia\">DNA<\/a> from that fetus to be released into the maternal blood. For this reason, if a vanishing twin is suspected, we recommend performing the Harmony&reg; test no earlier than the 15th week of pregnancy, or at least eight weeks after the loss of the second fetus.<\/p><p>The rates for false positive and false negative results in the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test are lower than with other non-invasive tests that are based on the detection of free <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fetal<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/dna\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Deoxyribonucleic acid: biomolecule and carrier of genetic information\" class=\"encyclopedia\">DNA<\/a> in the mother&rsquo;s blood.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2053\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2053\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">False positive rate of X\/Y-chromosomal disorders<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2053\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2053\"><p>The false positive rate of the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test for&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"This disorder is also known as Ullrich-Turner syndrome. The somatic cells of affected girls contain only one functioning X-chromosome instead of two sex chromosomes (XX).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/monosomy-x\/\" target=\"_self\">monosomy X<\/a>&nbsp;(45,X0) is approximately 0.8%, which is higher than the other chromosomal disorders. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/nipt\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Non-invasive prenatal tests are molecular genetic analyses in prenatal diagnostics to detect fetal chromosomal anomalies from the maternal blood, avoiding the risk of miscarriage inherent in more invasive methods.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">NIPT<\/a> may show false positive X0 results due to the age-related loss of the second X-<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/chromosome\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"A chromosome is an complex of tightly-coiled DNA and the proteins which hold the structure together. Normal human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes - 22 autosomes and the X and Y sex chromosomes.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">chromosome<\/a> in the mother&rsquo;s own cells (X-chromosomal loss, XCL). According to Russell LM et al.,<sup class=\"footnote\"><a id=\"fnref-608-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fn-608-2\">2<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;a 40 year old woman may have, on average, approximately 2% XCL cells. If the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fetal<\/a> Fraction (proportion of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fetal<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/dna\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Deoxyribonucleic acid: biomolecule and carrier of genetic information\" class=\"encyclopedia\">DNA<\/a> in the maternal blood) is also relatively low (e.g. 4%), the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/nipt\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Non-invasive prenatal tests are molecular genetic analyses in prenatal diagnostics to detect fetal chromosomal anomalies from the maternal blood, avoiding the risk of miscarriage inherent in more invasive methods.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">NIPT<\/a> may produce a result of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fetal<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/monosomy-x\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"This disorder is also known as Ullrich-Turner syndrome. The somatic cells of affected girls contain only one functioning X-chromosome instead of two sex chromosomes (XX).\" class=\"encyclopedia\">monosomy X<\/a> (Turner Syndrome). This is because it would appear that 50% of the X-chromosomal information of the fetus is missing, when in fact it is simply a higher rate of XCL in the mother that is causing the false result. Thus with advanced maternal age and a low proportion of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fetal<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/dna\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Deoxyribonucleic acid: biomolecule and carrier of genetic information\" class=\"encyclopedia\">DNA<\/a> in the maternal blood, there may be a higher false positive rate for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fetal<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/monosomy-x\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"This disorder is also known as Ullrich-Turner syndrome. The somatic cells of affected girls contain only one functioning X-chromosome instead of two sex chromosomes (XX).\" class=\"encyclopedia\">monosomy X<\/a> (Turner syndrome); this should be discussed with the patient during the consultation if they wish an analysis of the XY-chromosomal disorders.<\/p><p style=\"font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">In cooperation with Prof. Oliver Kagan (University Hospital T&uuml;bingen) and Francesca Grati (TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A.), we determined the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/positive-predictive-value-ppv\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"The PPV reflects the rate of positive test results that are confirmed by chromosome analysis or after birth. The risk of the presence of a fetal trisomy 21 during pregnancy is approximately 1:500 for the average population. Almost all of these cases are correctly detected by the Harmony&reg; test (detection rate 99.3%[1.Stokowski R, Wang E,&hellip;\" class=\"encyclopedia\">positive predictive value (PPV)<\/a> in screening for gonosomal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/aneuploidie\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"An abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell; for example, there may be a copy of a chromosome missing, or extra, in a cell.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">aneuploidy<\/a> (SCA) using <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/nipt\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Non-invasive prenatal tests are molecular genetic analyses in prenatal diagnostics to detect fetal chromosomal anomalies from the maternal blood, avoiding the risk of miscarriage inherent in more invasive methods.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">NIPT<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p><p style=\"font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">The most important results of the study:<\/span><\/p><ul style=\"font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><li style=\"font-size: 15px;\">At 38.9% the PPV of an abnormal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/cfdna\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"cell free DNA: DNA fragments that naturally circulate freely in the bloodstream.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">cfDNA<\/a> result in gonosomal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/aneuploidie\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"An abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell; for example, there may be a copy of a chromosome missing, or extra, in a cell.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">aneuploidy<\/a> is lower than in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trisomy-21\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Trisomy 21 is the most common numerical chromosomal disorder in newborns. There are three copies of chromosome 21 and this leads to the development of Down syndrome.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">trisomy 21<\/a>, 18 or 13. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/monosomy-x\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"This disorder is also known as Ullrich-Turner syndrome. The somatic cells of affected girls contain only one functioning X-chromosome instead of two sex chromosomes (XX).\" class=\"encyclopedia\">monosomy X<\/a> in particular, only a good quarter of the abnormal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/nipt\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Non-invasive prenatal tests are molecular genetic analyses in prenatal diagnostics to detect fetal chromosomal anomalies from the maternal blood, avoiding the risk of miscarriage inherent in more invasive methods.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">NIPT<\/a> results are confirmed (PPV= 26.1%).<\/li><li style=\"font-size: 15px; margin-left: 0cm;\">Amniocentesis with subsequent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/chromosome\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"A chromosome is an complex of tightly-coiled DNA and the proteins which hold the structure together. Normal human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes - 22 autosomes and the X and Y sex chromosomes.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">chromosome<\/a> analysis is the method of choice for clarifying an increased risk of SCA (sex chromosomal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/aneuploidie\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"An abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell; for example, there may be a copy of a chromosome missing, or extra, in a cell.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">aneuploidy<\/a>) in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/nipt\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Non-invasive prenatal tests are molecular genetic analyses in prenatal diagnostics to detect fetal chromosomal anomalies from the maternal blood, avoiding the risk of miscarriage inherent in more invasive methods.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">NIPT<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><div>For more Informationen please click on the following link of the publication:&nbsp;<\/div><p style=\"font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><a style=\"background-color: #f1f1f3; text-decoration-line: none; text-decoration-thickness: initial;\" href=\"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/epdf\/10.1002\/pd.5814\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&ldquo;<\/a><a style=\"background-color: #f1f1f3; text-decoration-line: none; text-decoration-thickness: initial;\" href=\"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/epdf\/10.1002\/pd.5814\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>Confirmation rate of cell free DNA screening for sex chromosomal abnormalities according to the method of confirmatory testing<\/u><\/a><a style=\"background-color: #f1f1f3; text-decoration-line: none; text-decoration-thickness: initial;\" href=\"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/epdf\/10.1002\/pd.5814\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&ldquo;<\/a>. This Publication was awarded as a &ldquo;<a style=\"background-color: #f1f1f3; text-decoration-line: none; text-decoration-thickness: initial;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/Auszeichnung_topcitedarticle-1.jpg\">Top Cited Article 2021-2022<\/a>&rdquo; in Prenatal Diagnosis.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2054\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2054\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Sex determination<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2054\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2054\"><p>The Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test offers the possibility of determining the probable sex of the fetus. The patient may only be informed of this after the 12th week of pregnancy in accordance with the Genetic Diagnostics Act (post-conception, corresponding to week 14+0 of the pregnancy after the last period). If the patient is not yet in week 14+0 of the pregnancy when the results are ready, we will send the requesting physician partial findings that do not include the sex of the fetus. When week 14+0 of the pregnancy is reached we will automatically send you the report on the sex of the fetus.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2055\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2055\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Harmony&reg;&nbsp;Test limitations<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2055\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2055\"><p>In a few cases it is not possible to obtain results with the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test, most often because the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fetal<\/a> fraction is below the 4% limit. Less common reasons for test failure include&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"A method used in reproductive medicine in which an egg is harvested from a woman, fertilised outside of the body, and then implanted into a recipient woman who will carry the pregnancy.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/egg-donation\/\" target=\"_self\">egg donation<\/a>&nbsp;about which the laboratory was not made aware, chromosomal&nbsp;<span class=\"st\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/mosaic\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"In genetics the term mosaic describes an individual whose cells have different genotypes, but originates from a single fertilised ovum.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">mosaic<\/a>ism&nbsp;<\/span>of the mother or placenta, tumour disorders of the mother, or other undefinable biological causes.<\/p><p>In approximately half of the tests that cannot be evaluated at the first attempt, the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test can be carried out at a later point in time by taking another blood sample.<\/p><p>Patients will not be charged any costs if no result can be obtained.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2056\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2056\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">NIPT and the Genetic Diagnostics Act<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2056\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2056\"><p>In accordance with the German Genetic Diagnostics Act, genetic counseling must be provided by either a specialist in human genetics or a specialist with an additional qualification in &ldquo;professional genetic counseling&rdquo; before any non-invasive prenatal test. The additional qualification for professional genetic counseling for the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test is taught in 72 training units and the corresponding practical-communicative qualification course (Genetic Counselling Guideline, section VII.3.4.). An interim arrangement applies until 10.7.2016.<\/p><p>During genetic counseling, compliance is required with the regulations of &sect; 10 of the Genetic Diagnostics Act. Regulations must also be followed in accordance with &sect; 2a of the German law on conflicts in pregnancies (SchKG), including informing the expectant mother of her right to psychosocial counseling. Upon request, the expectant mother should be referred to a counseling centre as directed by &sect; 3 of the SchKG.<\/p><p>In accordance with the German Genetic Diagnostics Act, the responsible medical person remains the main contact partner for the pregnant woman during the entire performance phase of the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test. The results will be sent only to the responsible medical person.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2057\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2057\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Liability<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2057\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2057\"><p>Cenata assumes liability for any errors for which it can be held responsible in connection with the performance of the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test. Cenata naturally assumes no liability for errors that occur in the submitting process, for example, during the drawing of the blood samples or during shipping.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2058\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2058\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Integration of the Harmony&reg; Tests in first trimester screening<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2058\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2058\"><p>The Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test is very easy to integrate into standard first <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trimester\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Trimester is the medical term used to describe the division of a pregnancy into three phases of three months each.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">trimester<\/a> screening. As was shown by Prof. Nicolaides in an article published in July 2013, the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test can greatly improve the efficiency of first <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trimester\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Trimester is the medical term used to describe the division of a pregnancy into three phases of three months each.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">trimester<\/a> screening:<\/p><p>If a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trisomy-21\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Trisomy 21 is the most common numerical chromosomal disorder in newborns. There are three copies of chromosome 21 and this leads to the development of Down syndrome.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">trisomy 21<\/a> risk score of 1:3000 (instead of 1:300, for example) is selected for further screening, the average <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trisomy-21\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Trisomy 21 is the most common numerical chromosomal disorder in newborns. There are three copies of chromosome 21 and this leads to the development of Down syndrome.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">trisomy 21<\/a> detection rate increases from approximately 89% to the percentage detection rates shown in Figure 1&nbsp;<sup class=\"footnote\"><a id=\"fnref-608-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fn-608-5\">5<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/detection_rates.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-21988 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/detection_rates.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"138\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/detection_rates.png 700w, https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/detection_rates-300x59.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\"><\/a><\/p><p>By lowering the risk score to 1:3000, the number of cases requiring further testing (invasive methods) would normally rise steeply. However, if the highly-specific Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test (false positive rate 0.04%<sup class=\"footnote\"><a id=\"fnref-608-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fn-608-6\">6<\/a><\/sup>) is performed in place of an invasive diagnosis, the number of invasive tests that ultimately have to be performed can be greatly reduced overall.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12f68f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"12f68f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li>Stokowski R, Wang E, White K, Batey A, Jacobsson B, Brar H, Balanarasimha M, Hollemon D, Sparks A, Nicolaides K, Musci TJ.: Clinical performance of non-invasive prenatal testing (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/nipt\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Non-invasive prenatal tests are molecular genetic analyses in prenatal diagnostics to detect fetal chromosomal anomalies from the maternal blood, avoiding the risk of miscarriage inherent in more invasive methods.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">NIPT<\/a>) using targeted cell-free <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/dna\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Deoxyribonucleic acid: biomolecule and carrier of genetic information\" class=\"encyclopedia\">DNA<\/a> analysis in maternal plasma with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/microarray\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Technology that can use very small amounts of starting material (DNA or RNA) to analyse the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">microarray<\/a>s or next generation sequencing (NGS) is consistent across multiple controlled clinical studies. Prenat Diagn. 2015 Sep 1&nbsp;<span class=\"footnotereverse\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fnref-608-1\">&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"fn-608-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17317957\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Russell LM1, Strike P, Browne CE, Jacobs PA.: X chromosome loss and ageing. Cytogenet Genome Res. 2007;116(3):181-5.<\/a>&nbsp;<span class=\"footnotereverse\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fnref-608-2\">&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"fn-608-3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Schmid+M+et+al.+Fetal+Diagn+Ther.+2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Schmid M et al. Prenatal Screening for 22q11.2 Deletion Using a Targeted Microarray-Based Cell-Free DNA Test.Fetal Diagn Ther. 2017 Nov 8, E-pub ahead of print<\/a>&nbsp;<span class=\"footnotereverse\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fnref-608-3\">&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"fn-608-4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007%2Fs00129-017-4178-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stumm M., Schr&ouml;er A., Sollen die Indikationen f&uuml;r nichtinvasive Pr&auml;nataltests erweitert werden? Gyn&auml;kologe 2018 &middot; 51:24&ndash;31<\/a>&nbsp;<span class=\"footnotereverse\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fnref-608-4\">&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"fn-608-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23744626\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test as follow-up test after first-trimester screening: Nicolaides KH, Wright D, Poon LC, Syngelaki A, Gil MM.: First-trimester contingent screening for trisomy 21 by biomarkers and maternal blood cell-free DNA testing. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;42:41-50.<\/a>&nbsp;<span class=\"footnotereverse\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fnref-608-5\">&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"fn-608-6\">Stokowski R, Wang E, White K, Batey A, Jacobsson B, Brar H, Balanarasimha M, Hollemon D, Sparks A, Nicolaides K, Musci TJ.: Clinical performance of non-invasive prenatal testing (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/nipt\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Non-invasive prenatal tests are molecular genetic analyses in prenatal diagnostics to detect fetal chromosomal anomalies from the maternal blood, avoiding the risk of miscarriage inherent in more invasive methods.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">NIPT<\/a>) using targeted cell-free <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/dna\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Deoxyribonucleic acid: biomolecule and carrier of genetic information\" class=\"encyclopedia\">DNA<\/a> analysis in maternal plasma with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/microarray\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Technology that can use very small amounts of starting material (DNA or RNA) to analyse the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">microarray<\/a>s or next generation sequencing (NGS) is consistent across multiple controlled clinical studies. Prenat Diagn. 2015 Sep 1&nbsp;<span class=\"footnotereverse\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fnref-608-6\">&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dd7c1a1 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dd7c1a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-63d900a elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"63d900a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings='{\"background_background\":\"classic\"}'>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ff363a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4ff363a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FOR PHYSICIANS<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe5397a elementor-nav-menu__align-end elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-mobile elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"fe5397a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"layout\":\"vertical\",\"submenu_icon\":{\"value\":\"&lt;i class=\\\"\\\" aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\"&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;\",\"library\":\"\"},\"toggle\":\"burger\"}' 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href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/limitations-of-the-harmony-test\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\">Limitations of the Harmony&reg; Test<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29425\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/di-george-syndrome-en\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\">Microdeletion 22q11.2<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-tribe_events_cat menu-item-26479\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/events\/category\/congresses\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\">Congresses<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-23368\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/useful-links\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\">Useful links<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22963\"><a 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menu-item-object-page menu-item-5541\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Aspects of counseling<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5542\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/limitations-of-the-harmony-test\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Limitations of the Harmony&reg; Test<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29425\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/di-george-syndrome-en\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Microdeletion 22q11.2<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-tribe_events_cat menu-item-26479\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/events\/category\/congresses\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Congresses<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-23368\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/useful-links\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Useful links<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22963\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/services\/download\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Download<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8974d07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8974d07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">SEARCH<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf4fe17 elementor-search-form--skin-classic elementor-search-form--button-type-icon elementor-search-form--icon-search elementor-widget elementor-widget-search-form\" data-id=\"cf4fe17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings='{\"skin\":\"classic\"}' data-widget_type=\"search-form.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<search role=\"search\">\n\t\t\t<form class=\"elementor-search-form\" action=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/\" method=\"get\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-search-form__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"elementor-screen-only\" for=\"elementor-search-form-cf4fe17\">Search<\/label>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<input id=\"elementor-search-form-cf4fe17\" placeholder=\"Suche...\" class=\"elementor-search-form__input\" type=\"search\" name=\"s\" value=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"lang\" value=\"en\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"elementor-search-form__submit\" type=\"submit\" aria-label=\"Search\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-search\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t<\/search>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cc97fa1\" data-id=\"cc97fa1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e990277 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e990277\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aspects of counseling<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d2f4d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"3d2f4d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6411\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6411\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Interpretation of an abnormal Harmony&reg;&nbsp;Test result<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6411\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6411\"><p>The probability with which a positive (abnormal) result of a Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test can be confirmed depends on two factors:<\/p><ol><li>the false positive rate of the test for this chromosomal disorder<\/li><li>the frequency of the occurrence of this chromosomal disorder in the base population<\/li><\/ol><p>The Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test has a very low false positive rate compared to other&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"Non-invasive prenatal tests are molecular genetic analyses in prenatal diagnostics to detect fetal chromosomal anomalies from the maternal blood, avoiding the risk of miscarriage inherent in more invasive methods.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/nipt\/\" target=\"_self\">NIPT<\/a>&nbsp;methods, for example, the false positive rate for&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"Trisomy 21 is the most common numerical chromosomal disorder in newborns. There are three copies of chromosome 21 and this leads to the development of Down syndrome.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trisomy-21\/\" target=\"_self\">trisomy 21<\/a>&nbsp;is approx. 1:2500 (0.04%, data from the Stokowski-Study<sup class=\"footnote\"><a id=\"fnref-608-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fn-608-1\">1<\/a><\/sup>). The false positive rates for trisomies 13 and 18 are even lower.<\/p><p>Based on this very low false positive rate (FPR), the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup> Test has a particularly high positive prediction value (PPV). The FPR reflects the percentage of false positive results found in the overall collective of performed tests. The PPV reflects the rate of positive test results that are confirmed by standard <a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"A chromosome is an complex of tightly-coiled DNA and the proteins which hold the structure together. Normal human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes - 22 autosomes and the X and Y sex chromosomes.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/chromosome\/\" target=\"_self\">chromosome<\/a>&nbsp;analysis.<\/p><p>By comparison: the PPV of first&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"Trimester is the medical term used to describe the division of a pregnancy into three phases of three months each.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trimester\/\" target=\"_self\">trimester<\/a>&nbsp;screening is approximately 5 &ndash; 7 %. This means that only 1 out of 18 abnormal results is confirmed by an invasive diagnosis; in 17 out of 18 cases, standard first <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trimester\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Trimester is the medical term used to describe the division of a pregnancy into three phases of three months each.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">trimester<\/a> screening leads to an unnecessary invasive intervention with the risk of a miscarriage.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6412\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6412\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Possible causes of false positive results with NIPT<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6412\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6412\"><p>A typical cause of a false positive result in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/nipt\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Non-invasive prenatal tests are molecular genetic analyses in prenatal diagnostics to detect fetal chromosomal anomalies from the maternal blood, avoiding the risk of miscarriage inherent in more invasive methods.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">NIPT<\/a> is a discordance between the cells of the placenta and those of the child. Since the cell-free&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\">fetal<\/a>&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"Deoxyribonucleic acid: biomolecule and carrier of genetic information\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/dna\/\" target=\"_self\">DNA<\/a>&nbsp;comes from the placenta, the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test basically reflects the genetic situation in the placenta. In some cases, however, the genetic makeup of the unborn child differs from that of the placenta. This means, for example, that some of the cells in the placenta display a&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"Trisomy means that there are three copies (trisom) of a complete or partial chromosome, instead of the normal two (disom).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trisomy\/\" target=\"_self\">trisomy<\/a>&nbsp;and others do not (<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"In genetics the term mosaic describes an individual whose cells have different genotypes, but originates from a single fertilised ovum.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/mosaic\/\" target=\"_self\">mosaic<\/a>). In these cases the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test may show a high risk for a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trisomy\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Trisomy means that there are three copies (trisom) of a complete or partial chromosome, instead of the normal two (disom).\" class=\"encyclopedia\">trisomy<\/a> even though the child has normal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/chromosome\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"A chromosome is an complex of tightly-coiled DNA and the proteins which hold the structure together. Normal human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes - 22 autosomes and the X and Y sex chromosomes.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">chromosome<\/a>s.<\/p><p>Another reason for a false positive result is if a pregnancy had started out as a twin or multiple pregnancy. If a deceased fetus suffered from a chromosomal disorder, this could lead to a false positive result of the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup> Test; the placental material of the deceased fetus may still exist in the womb at the time of blood sampling, allowing cell-free <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/dna\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Deoxyribonucleic acid: biomolecule and carrier of genetic information\" class=\"encyclopedia\">DNA<\/a> from that fetus to be released into the maternal blood. For this reason, if a vanishing twin is suspected, we recommend performing the Harmony&reg; test no earlier than the 15th week of pregnancy, or at least eight weeks after the loss of the second fetus.<\/p><p>The rates for false positive and false negative results in the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test are lower than with other non-invasive tests that are based on the detection of free <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fetal<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/dna\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Deoxyribonucleic acid: biomolecule and carrier of genetic information\" class=\"encyclopedia\">DNA<\/a> in the mother&rsquo;s blood.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6413\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6413\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">False positive rate of X\/Y-chromosomal disorders<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6413\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6413\"><p>The false positive rate of the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test for&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"This disorder is also known as Ullrich-Turner syndrome. The somatic cells of affected girls contain only one functioning X-chromosome instead of two sex chromosomes (XX).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/monosomy-x\/\" target=\"_self\">monosomy X<\/a>&nbsp;(45,X0) is approximately 0.8%, which is higher than the other chromosomal disorders. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/nipt\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Non-invasive prenatal tests are molecular genetic analyses in prenatal diagnostics to detect fetal chromosomal anomalies from the maternal blood, avoiding the risk of miscarriage inherent in more invasive methods.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">NIPT<\/a> may show false positive X0 results due to the age-related loss of the second X-<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/chromosome\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"A chromosome is an complex of tightly-coiled DNA and the proteins which hold the structure together. Normal human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes - 22 autosomes and the X and Y sex chromosomes.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">chromosome<\/a> in the mother&rsquo;s own cells (X-chromosomal loss, XCL). According to Russell LM et al.,<sup class=\"footnote\"><a id=\"fnref-608-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fn-608-2\">2<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;a 40 year old woman may have, on average, approximately 2% XCL cells. If the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fetal<\/a> Fraction (proportion of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fetal<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/dna\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Deoxyribonucleic acid: biomolecule and carrier of genetic information\" class=\"encyclopedia\">DNA<\/a> in the maternal blood) is also relatively low (e.g. 4%), the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/nipt\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Non-invasive prenatal tests are molecular genetic analyses in prenatal diagnostics to detect fetal chromosomal anomalies from the maternal blood, avoiding the risk of miscarriage inherent in more invasive methods.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">NIPT<\/a> may produce a result of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fetal<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/monosomy-x\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"This disorder is also known as Ullrich-Turner syndrome. The somatic cells of affected girls contain only one functioning X-chromosome instead of two sex chromosomes (XX).\" class=\"encyclopedia\">monosomy X<\/a> (Turner Syndrome). This is because it would appear that 50% of the X-chromosomal information of the fetus is missing, when in fact it is simply a higher rate of XCL in the mother that is causing the false result. Thus with advanced maternal age and a low proportion of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fetal<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/dna\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Deoxyribonucleic acid: biomolecule and carrier of genetic information\" class=\"encyclopedia\">DNA<\/a> in the maternal blood, there may be a higher false positive rate for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fetal<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/monosomy-x\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"This disorder is also known as Ullrich-Turner syndrome. The somatic cells of affected girls contain only one functioning X-chromosome instead of two sex chromosomes (XX).\" class=\"encyclopedia\">monosomy X<\/a> (Turner syndrome); this should be discussed with the patient during the consultation if they wish an analysis of the XY-chromosomal disorders.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6414\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6414\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Sex determination<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6414\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6414\"><p>The Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test offers the possibility of determining the probable sex of the fetus. The patient may only be informed of this after the 12th week of pregnancy in accordance with the Genetic Diagnostics Act (post-conception, corresponding to week 14+0 of the pregnancy after the last period). If the patient is not yet in week 14+0 of the pregnancy when the results are ready, we will send the requesting physician partial findings that do not include the sex of the fetus. When week 14+0 of the pregnancy is reached we will automatically send you the report on the sex of the fetus.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6415\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6415\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Harmony&reg;&nbsp;Test limitations<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6415\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6415\"><p>In a few cases it is not possible to obtain results with the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test, most often because the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fetal<\/a> fraction is below the 4% limit. Less common reasons for test failure include&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"A method used in reproductive medicine in which an egg is harvested from a woman, fertilised outside of the body, and then implanted into a recipient woman who will carry the pregnancy.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/egg-donation\/\" target=\"_self\">egg donation<\/a>&nbsp;about which the laboratory was not made aware, chromosomal&nbsp;<span class=\"st\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/mosaic\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"In genetics the term mosaic describes an individual whose cells have different genotypes, but originates from a single fertilised ovum.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">mosaic<\/a>ism&nbsp;<\/span>of the mother or placenta, tumour disorders of the mother, or other undefinable biological causes.<\/p><p>In approximately half of the tests that cannot be evaluated at the first attempt, the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test can be carried out at a later point in time by taking another blood sample.<\/p><p>Patients will not be charged any costs if no result can be obtained.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6416\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6416\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">NIPT and the Genetic Diagnostics Act<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6416\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6416\"><p>In accordance with the German Genetic Diagnostics Act, genetic counseling must be provided by either a specialist in human genetics or a specialist with an additional qualification in &ldquo;professional genetic counseling&rdquo; before any non-invasive prenatal test. The additional qualification for professional genetic counseling for the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test is taught in 72 training units and the corresponding practical-communicative qualification course (Genetic Counselling Guideline, section VII.3.4.). An interim arrangement applies until 10.7.2016.<\/p><p>During genetic counseling, compliance is required with the regulations of &sect; 10 of the Genetic Diagnostics Act. Regulations must also be followed in accordance with &sect; 2a of the German law on conflicts in pregnancies (SchKG), including informing the expectant mother of her right to psychosocial counseling. Upon request, the expectant mother should be referred to a counseling centre as directed by &sect; 3 of the SchKG.<\/p><p>In accordance with the German Genetic Diagnostics Act, the responsible medical person remains the main contact partner for the pregnant woman during the entire performance phase of the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test. The results will be sent only to the responsible medical person.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6417\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6417\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Liability<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6417\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6417\"><p>Cenata assumes liability for any errors for which it can be held responsible in connection with the performance of the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test. Cenata naturally assumes no liability for errors that occur in the submitting process, for example, during the drawing of the blood samples or during shipping.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6418\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6418\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Integration of the Harmony&reg; Tests in first trimester screening<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6418\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6418\"><p>The Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test is very easy to integrate into standard first <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trimester\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Trimester is the medical term used to describe the division of a pregnancy into three phases of three months each.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">trimester<\/a> screening. As was shown by Prof. Nicolaides in an article published in July 2013, the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test can greatly improve the efficiency of first <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trimester\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Trimester is the medical term used to describe the division of a pregnancy into three phases of three months each.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">trimester<\/a> screening:<\/p><p>If a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trisomy-21\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Trisomy 21 is the most common numerical chromosomal disorder in newborns. There are three copies of chromosome 21 and this leads to the development of Down syndrome.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">trisomy 21<\/a> risk score of 1:3000 (instead of 1:300, for example) is selected for further screening, the average <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trisomy-21\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Trisomy 21 is the most common numerical chromosomal disorder in newborns. There are three copies of chromosome 21 and this leads to the development of Down syndrome.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">trisomy 21<\/a> detection rate increases from approximately 89% to the percentage detection rates shown in Figure 1&nbsp;<sup class=\"footnote\"><a id=\"fnref-608-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fn-608-5\">5<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/detection_rates.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-21988 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/detection_rates.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"138\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/detection_rates.png 700w, https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/detection_rates-300x59.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\"><\/a><\/p><p>By lowering the risk score to 1:3000, the number of cases requiring further testing (invasive methods) would normally rise steeply. However, if the highly-specific Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test (false positive rate 0.04%<sup class=\"footnote\"><a id=\"fnref-608-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fn-608-6\">6<\/a><\/sup>) is performed in place of an invasive diagnosis, the number of invasive tests that ultimately have to be performed can be greatly reduced overall.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f072ce4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f072ce4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li>Stokowski R, Wang E, White K, Batey A, Jacobsson B, Brar H, Balanarasimha M, Hollemon D, Sparks A, Nicolaides K, Musci TJ.: Clinical performance of non-invasive prenatal testing (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/nipt\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Non-invasive prenatal tests are molecular genetic analyses in prenatal diagnostics to detect fetal chromosomal anomalies from the maternal blood, avoiding the risk of miscarriage inherent in more invasive methods.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">NIPT<\/a>) using targeted cell-free <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/dna\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Deoxyribonucleic acid: biomolecule and carrier of genetic information\" class=\"encyclopedia\">DNA<\/a> analysis in maternal plasma with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/microarray\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Technology that can use very small amounts of starting material (DNA or RNA) to analyse the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">microarray<\/a>s or next generation sequencing (NGS) is consistent across multiple controlled clinical studies. Prenat Diagn. 2015 Sep 1&nbsp;<span class=\"footnotereverse\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fnref-608-1\">&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"fn-608-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17317957\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Russell LM1, Strike P, Browne CE, Jacobs PA.: X chromosome loss and ageing. Cytogenet Genome Res. 2007;116(3):181-5.<\/a>&nbsp;<span class=\"footnotereverse\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fnref-608-2\">&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"fn-608-3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Schmid+M+et+al.+Fetal+Diagn+Ther.+2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Schmid M et al. Prenatal Screening for 22q11.2 Deletion Using a Targeted Microarray-Based Cell-Free DNA Test.Fetal Diagn Ther. 2017 Nov 8, E-pub ahead of print<\/a>&nbsp;<span class=\"footnotereverse\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fnref-608-3\">&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"fn-608-4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007%2Fs00129-017-4178-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stumm M., Schr&ouml;er A., Sollen die Indikationen f&uuml;r nichtinvasive Pr&auml;nataltests erweitert werden? Gyn&auml;kologe 2018 &middot; 51:24&ndash;31<\/a>&nbsp;<span class=\"footnotereverse\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fnref-608-4\">&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"fn-608-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23744626\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test as follow-up test after first-trimester screening: Nicolaides KH, Wright D, Poon LC, Syngelaki A, Gil MM.: First-trimester contingent screening for trisomy 21 by biomarkers and maternal blood cell-free DNA testing. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;42:41-50.<\/a>&nbsp;<span class=\"footnotereverse\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fnref-608-5\">&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"fn-608-6\">Stokowski R, Wang E, White K, Batey A, Jacobsson B, Brar H, Balanarasimha M, Hollemon D, Sparks A, Nicolaides K, Musci TJ.: Clinical performance of non-invasive prenatal testing (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/nipt\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Non-invasive prenatal tests are molecular genetic analyses in prenatal diagnostics to detect fetal chromosomal anomalies from the maternal blood, avoiding the risk of miscarriage inherent in more invasive methods.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">NIPT<\/a>) using targeted cell-free <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/dna\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Deoxyribonucleic acid: biomolecule and carrier of genetic information\" class=\"encyclopedia\">DNA<\/a> analysis in maternal plasma with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/microarray\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Technology that can use very small amounts of starting material (DNA or RNA) to analyse the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">microarray<\/a>s or next generation sequencing (NGS) is consistent across multiple controlled clinical studies. Prenat Diagn. 2015 Sep 1&nbsp;<span class=\"footnotereverse\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fnref-608-6\">&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b20c9f3 elementor-section-stretched elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b20c9f3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings='{\"stretch_section\":\"section-stretched\"}'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-663b624\" data-id=\"663b624\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b426fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0b426fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aspects of counseling<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8afbb0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"8afbb0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1451\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Interpretation of an abnormal Harmony&reg;&nbsp;Test result<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1451\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1451\"><p>The probability with which a positive (abnormal) result of a Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test can be confirmed depends on two factors:<\/p><ol><li>the false positive rate of the test for this chromosomal disorder<\/li><li>the frequency of the occurrence of this chromosomal disorder in the base population<\/li><\/ol><p>The Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test has a very low false positive rate compared to other&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"Non-invasive prenatal tests are molecular genetic analyses in prenatal diagnostics to detect fetal chromosomal anomalies from the maternal blood, avoiding the risk of miscarriage inherent in more invasive methods.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/nipt\/\" target=\"_self\">NIPT<\/a>&nbsp;methods, for example, the false positive rate for&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"Trisomy 21 is the most common numerical chromosomal disorder in newborns. There are three copies of chromosome 21 and this leads to the development of Down syndrome.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trisomy-21\/\" target=\"_self\">trisomy 21<\/a>&nbsp;is approx. 1:2500 (0.04%, data from the Stokowski-Study<sup class=\"footnote\"><a id=\"fnref-608-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fn-608-1\">1<\/a><\/sup>). The false positive rates for trisomies 13 and 18 are even lower.<\/p><p>Based on this very low false positive rate (FPR), the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup> Test has a particularly high positive prediction value (PPV). The FPR reflects the percentage of false positive results found in the overall collective of performed tests. The PPV reflects the rate of positive test results that are confirmed by standard <a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"A chromosome is an complex of tightly-coiled DNA and the proteins which hold the structure together. Normal human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes - 22 autosomes and the X and Y sex chromosomes.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/chromosome\/\" target=\"_self\">chromosome<\/a>&nbsp;analysis.<\/p><p>By comparison: the PPV of first&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"Trimester is the medical term used to describe the division of a pregnancy into three phases of three months each.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trimester\/\" target=\"_self\">trimester<\/a>&nbsp;screening is approximately 5 &ndash; 7 %. This means that only 1 out of 18 abnormal results is confirmed by an invasive diagnosis; in 17 out of 18 cases, standard first <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trimester\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Trimester is the medical term used to describe the division of a pregnancy into three phases of three months each.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">trimester<\/a> screening leads to an unnecessary invasive intervention with the risk of a miscarriage.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1452\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Possible causes of false positive results with NIPT<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1452\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1452\"><p>A typical cause of a false positive result in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/nipt\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Non-invasive prenatal tests are molecular genetic analyses in prenatal diagnostics to detect fetal chromosomal anomalies from the maternal blood, avoiding the risk of miscarriage inherent in more invasive methods.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">NIPT<\/a> is a discordance between the cells of the placenta and those of the child. Since the cell-free&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\">fetal<\/a>&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"Deoxyribonucleic acid: biomolecule and carrier of genetic information\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/dna\/\" target=\"_self\">DNA<\/a>&nbsp;comes from the placenta, the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test basically reflects the genetic situation in the placenta. In some cases, however, the genetic makeup of the unborn child differs from that of the placenta. This means, for example, that some of the cells in the placenta display a&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"Trisomy means that there are three copies (trisom) of a complete or partial chromosome, instead of the normal two (disom).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trisomy\/\" target=\"_self\">trisomy<\/a>&nbsp;and others do not (<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"In genetics the term mosaic describes an individual whose cells have different genotypes, but originates from a single fertilised ovum.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/mosaic\/\" target=\"_self\">mosaic<\/a>). In these cases the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test may show a high risk for a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trisomy\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Trisomy means that there are three copies (trisom) of a complete or partial chromosome, instead of the normal two (disom).\" class=\"encyclopedia\">trisomy<\/a> even though the child has normal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/chromosome\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"A chromosome is an complex of tightly-coiled DNA and the proteins which hold the structure together. Normal human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes - 22 autosomes and the X and Y sex chromosomes.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">chromosome<\/a>s.<\/p><p>Another reason for a false positive result is if a pregnancy had started out as a twin or multiple pregnancy. If a deceased fetus suffered from a chromosomal disorder, this could lead to a false positive result of the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup> Test; the placental material of the deceased fetus may still exist in the womb at the time of blood sampling, allowing cell-free <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/dna\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Deoxyribonucleic acid: biomolecule and carrier of genetic information\" class=\"encyclopedia\">DNA<\/a> from that fetus to be released into the maternal blood. For this reason, if a vanishing twin is suspected, we recommend performing the Harmony&reg; test no earlier than the 15th week of pregnancy, or at least eight weeks after the loss of the second fetus.<\/p><p>The rates for false positive and false negative results in the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test are lower than with other non-invasive tests that are based on the detection of free <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fetal<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/dna\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Deoxyribonucleic acid: biomolecule and carrier of genetic information\" class=\"encyclopedia\">DNA<\/a> in the mother&rsquo;s blood.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1453\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">False positive rate of X\/Y-chromosomal disorders<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1453\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1453\"><p>The false positive rate of the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test for&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"This disorder is also known as Ullrich-Turner syndrome. The somatic cells of affected girls contain only one functioning X-chromosome instead of two sex chromosomes (XX).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/monosomy-x\/\" target=\"_self\">monosomy X<\/a>&nbsp;(45,X0) is approximately 0.8%, which is higher than the other chromosomal disorders. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/nipt\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Non-invasive prenatal tests are molecular genetic analyses in prenatal diagnostics to detect fetal chromosomal anomalies from the maternal blood, avoiding the risk of miscarriage inherent in more invasive methods.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">NIPT<\/a> may show false positive X0 results due to the age-related loss of the second X-<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/chromosome\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"A chromosome is an complex of tightly-coiled DNA and the proteins which hold the structure together. Normal human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes - 22 autosomes and the X and Y sex chromosomes.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">chromosome<\/a> in the mother&rsquo;s own cells (X-chromosomal loss, XCL). According to Russell LM et al.,<sup class=\"footnote\"><a id=\"fnref-608-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fn-608-2\">2<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;a 40 year old woman may have, on average, approximately 2% XCL cells. If the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fetal<\/a> Fraction (proportion of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fetal<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/dna\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Deoxyribonucleic acid: biomolecule and carrier of genetic information\" class=\"encyclopedia\">DNA<\/a> in the maternal blood) is also relatively low (e.g. 4%), the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/nipt\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Non-invasive prenatal tests are molecular genetic analyses in prenatal diagnostics to detect fetal chromosomal anomalies from the maternal blood, avoiding the risk of miscarriage inherent in more invasive methods.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">NIPT<\/a> may produce a result of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fetal<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/monosomy-x\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"This disorder is also known as Ullrich-Turner syndrome. The somatic cells of affected girls contain only one functioning X-chromosome instead of two sex chromosomes (XX).\" class=\"encyclopedia\">monosomy X<\/a> (Turner Syndrome). This is because it would appear that 50% of the X-chromosomal information of the fetus is missing, when in fact it is simply a higher rate of XCL in the mother that is causing the false result. Thus with advanced maternal age and a low proportion of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fetal<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/dna\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Deoxyribonucleic acid: biomolecule and carrier of genetic information\" class=\"encyclopedia\">DNA<\/a> in the maternal blood, there may be a higher false positive rate for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fetal<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/monosomy-x\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"This disorder is also known as Ullrich-Turner syndrome. The somatic cells of affected girls contain only one functioning X-chromosome instead of two sex chromosomes (XX).\" class=\"encyclopedia\">monosomy X<\/a> (Turner syndrome); this should be discussed with the patient during the consultation if they wish an analysis of the XY-chromosomal disorders.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1454\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Sex determination<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1454\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1454\"><p>The Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test offers the possibility of determining the probable sex of the fetus. The patient may only be informed of this after the 12th week of pregnancy in accordance with the Genetic Diagnostics Act (post-conception, corresponding to week 14+0 of the pregnancy after the last period). If the patient is not yet in week 14+0 of the pregnancy when the results are ready, we will send the requesting physician partial findings that do not include the sex of the fetus. When week 14+0 of the pregnancy is reached we will automatically send you the report on the sex of the fetus.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1455\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Harmony&reg;&nbsp;Test limitations<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1455\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1455\"><p>In a few cases it is not possible to obtain results with the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test, most often because the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/fetal\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Relating to the unborn child\" class=\"encyclopedia\">fetal<\/a> fraction is below the 4% limit. Less common reasons for test failure include&nbsp;<a class=\"encyclopedia\" title=\"A method used in reproductive medicine in which an egg is harvested from a woman, fertilised outside of the body, and then implanted into a recipient woman who will carry the pregnancy.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/egg-donation\/\" target=\"_self\">egg donation<\/a>&nbsp;about which the laboratory was not made aware, chromosomal&nbsp;<span class=\"st\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/mosaic\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"In genetics the term mosaic describes an individual whose cells have different genotypes, but originates from a single fertilised ovum.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">mosaic<\/a>ism&nbsp;<\/span>of the mother or placenta, tumour disorders of the mother, or other undefinable biological causes.<\/p><p>In approximately half of the tests that cannot be evaluated at the first attempt, the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test can be carried out at a later point in time by taking another blood sample.<\/p><p>Patients will not be charged any costs if no result can be obtained.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1456\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">NIPT and the Genetic Diagnostics Act<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1456\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1456\"><p>In accordance with the German Genetic Diagnostics Act, genetic counseling must be provided by either a specialist in human genetics or a specialist with an additional qualification in &ldquo;professional genetic counseling&rdquo; before any non-invasive prenatal test. The additional qualification for professional genetic counseling for the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test is taught in 72 training units and the corresponding practical-communicative qualification course (Genetic Counselling Guideline, section VII.3.4.). An interim arrangement applies until 10.7.2016.<\/p><p>During genetic counseling, compliance is required with the regulations of &sect; 10 of the Genetic Diagnostics Act. Regulations must also be followed in accordance with &sect; 2a of the German law on conflicts in pregnancies (SchKG), including informing the expectant mother of her right to psychosocial counseling. Upon request, the expectant mother should be referred to a counseling centre as directed by &sect; 3 of the SchKG.<\/p><p>In accordance with the German Genetic Diagnostics Act, the responsible medical person remains the main contact partner for the pregnant woman during the entire performance phase of the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test. The results will be sent only to the responsible medical person.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1457\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1457\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Liability<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1457\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1457\"><p>Cenata assumes liability for any errors for which it can be held responsible in connection with the performance of the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test. Cenata naturally assumes no liability for errors that occur in the submitting process, for example, during the drawing of the blood samples or during shipping.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1458\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1458\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-minus-square\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Integration of the Harmony&reg; Tests in first trimester screening<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1458\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1458\"><p>The Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test is very easy to integrate into standard first <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trimester\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Trimester is the medical term used to describe the division of a pregnancy into three phases of three months each.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">trimester<\/a> screening. As was shown by Prof. Nicolaides in an article published in July 2013, the Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test can greatly improve the efficiency of first <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trimester\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Trimester is the medical term used to describe the division of a pregnancy into three phases of three months each.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">trimester<\/a> screening:<\/p><p>If a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trisomy-21\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Trisomy 21 is the most common numerical chromosomal disorder in newborns. There are three copies of chromosome 21 and this leads to the development of Down syndrome.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">trisomy 21<\/a> risk score of 1:3000 (instead of 1:300, for example) is selected for further screening, the average <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/trisomy-21\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Trisomy 21 is the most common numerical chromosomal disorder in newborns. There are three copies of chromosome 21 and this leads to the development of Down syndrome.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">trisomy 21<\/a> detection rate increases from approximately 89% to the percentage detection rates shown in Figure 1&nbsp;<sup class=\"footnote\"><a id=\"fnref-608-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fn-608-5\">5<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/detection_rates.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-21988 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/detection_rates.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"138\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/detection_rates.png 700w, https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/detection_rates-300x59.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\"><\/a><\/p><p>By lowering the risk score to 1:3000, the number of cases requiring further testing (invasive methods) would normally rise steeply. However, if the highly-specific Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test (false positive rate 0.04%<sup class=\"footnote\"><a id=\"fnref-608-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fn-608-6\">6<\/a><\/sup>) is performed in place of an invasive diagnosis, the number of invasive tests that ultimately have to be performed can be greatly reduced overall.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64a97fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"64a97fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li>Stokowski R, Wang E, White K, Batey A, Jacobsson B, Brar H, Balanarasimha M, Hollemon D, Sparks A, Nicolaides K, Musci TJ.: Clinical performance of non-invasive prenatal testing (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/nipt\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Non-invasive prenatal tests are molecular genetic analyses in prenatal diagnostics to detect fetal chromosomal anomalies from the maternal blood, avoiding the risk of miscarriage inherent in more invasive methods.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">NIPT<\/a>) using targeted cell-free <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/dna\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Deoxyribonucleic acid: biomolecule and carrier of genetic information\" class=\"encyclopedia\">DNA<\/a> analysis in maternal plasma with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/microarray\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Technology that can use very small amounts of starting material (DNA or RNA) to analyse the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">microarray<\/a>s or next generation sequencing (NGS) is consistent across multiple controlled clinical studies. Prenat Diagn. 2015 Sep 1&nbsp;<span class=\"footnotereverse\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fnref-608-1\">&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"fn-608-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17317957\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Russell LM1, Strike P, Browne CE, Jacobs PA.: X chromosome loss and ageing. Cytogenet Genome Res. 2007;116(3):181-5.<\/a>&nbsp;<span class=\"footnotereverse\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fnref-608-2\">&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"fn-608-3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Schmid+M+et+al.+Fetal+Diagn+Ther.+2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Schmid M et al. Prenatal Screening for 22q11.2 Deletion Using a Targeted Microarray-Based Cell-Free DNA Test.Fetal Diagn Ther. 2017 Nov 8, E-pub ahead of print<\/a>&nbsp;<span class=\"footnotereverse\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fnref-608-3\">&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"fn-608-4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007%2Fs00129-017-4178-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stumm M., Schr&ouml;er A., Sollen die Indikationen f&uuml;r nichtinvasive Pr&auml;nataltests erweitert werden? Gyn&auml;kologe 2018 &middot; 51:24&ndash;31<\/a>&nbsp;<span class=\"footnotereverse\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fnref-608-4\">&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"fn-608-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23744626\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harmony<sup>&reg;<\/sup>&nbsp;Test as follow-up test after first-trimester screening: Nicolaides KH, Wright D, Poon LC, Syngelaki A, Gil MM.: First-trimester contingent screening for trisomy 21 by biomarkers and maternal blood cell-free DNA testing. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;42:41-50.<\/a>&nbsp;<span class=\"footnotereverse\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fnref-608-5\">&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"fn-608-6\">Stokowski R, Wang E, White K, Batey A, Jacobsson B, Brar H, Balanarasimha M, Hollemon D, Sparks A, Nicolaides K, Musci TJ.: Clinical performance of non-invasive prenatal testing (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/nipt\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Non-invasive prenatal tests are molecular genetic analyses in prenatal diagnostics to detect fetal chromosomal anomalies from the maternal blood, avoiding the risk of miscarriage inherent in more invasive methods.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">NIPT<\/a>) using targeted cell-free <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/dna\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Deoxyribonucleic acid: biomolecule and carrier of genetic information\" class=\"encyclopedia\">DNA<\/a> analysis in maternal plasma with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/encyclopedia\/microarray\/\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Technology that can use very small amounts of starting material (DNA or RNA) to analyse the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously.\" class=\"encyclopedia\">microarray<\/a>s or next generation sequencing (NGS) is consistent across multiple controlled clinical studies. Prenat Diagn. 2015 Sep 1&nbsp;<span class=\"footnotereverse\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/for-physicians\/aspects-of-counseling\/#fnref-608-6\">&#8617;<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Highest Standard.For your patients. Highest Standard.For your patients. Highest Standard.For your patients. FOR PHYSICIANS SEARCH Aspects of counseling Interpretation of an abnormal Harmony\u00ae\u00a0Test result The probability with which a positive (abnormal) result of a Harmony\u00ae\u00a0Test can be confirmed depends on two factors: the false positive rate of the test for this chromosomal disorder the frequency [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":594,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-608","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/608","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=608"}],"version-history":[{"count":58,"href":"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/608\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32945,"href":"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/608\/revisions\/32945"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/594"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cenata.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}